An astonishing discovery has surfaced after centuries of being buried under dirt and grime. A remarkable silver cross from the Anglo-Saxon era, found in a Scottish field, has recently been meticulously restored, revealing its stunning beauty. This artifact, part of the Galloway Hoard, stands as one of the most extraordinary finds from the Viking Age, indicating it may have been commissioned by someone of great importance, possibly even a king.
An Unexpected Treasure
When it was initially uncovered in 2014, the cross did not seem particularly impressive. Discovered in a ploughed field in western Scotland as part of the Galloway Hoard—the richest collection of Viking-era items discovered in Britain or Ireland—it appeared merely as a tarnished relic. The National Museums Scotland (NMS) took possession of this treasure in 2017, and initial glimpses of its gold-leaf embellishments were just hints of the exquisite craftsmanship hidden beneath the grime.
Now fully revealed, the cross exemplifies exceptional Anglo-Saxon metalwork. Crafted by a skilled goldsmith, it features an intricate design adorned with symbols representing the four evangelists: Saint Matthew (man), Saint Mark (lion), Saint Luke (cow), and Saint John (eagle). This detailed artistry not only signifies its high quality but also underscores its considerable cultural and religious significance.
A Window into History
Dr. Martin Goldberg, principal curator of early medieval and Viking collections at NMS, expressed his admiration for the cross’s restored state. He remarked on its unmatched quality, a rarity considering its historical background. “It’s just spectacular. There really isn’t a parallel. The quality of the workmanship is just incredible. It’s a real privilege to see this after 1,000 years,” Goldberg stated.
The Galloway Hoard was buried in the late 9th century in Dumfries and Galloway and was discovered by a metal detectorist. It contains over 100 items made of gold, silver, and other materials, including a gold bird-shaped pin and a silver-gilt vessel. Notably, the preservation of the textile that wrapped these objects provides further insights into that era.
Historical Significance
During the early 10th century, as new kingdoms arose in response to Viking incursions, areas like Galloway underwent significant cultural and political transformations. Once part of Anglo-Saxon Northumbria, Galloway later evolved into the Lordship of Galloway, primarily inhabited by people of Scandinavian descent.
Goldberg clarified that the cross’s late Anglo-Saxon decorative style suggests it was commissioned by someone of high standing. “First sons were typically kings and lords; second sons often became high-ranking clerics. It likely originated from one of these aristocratic families,” he explained. The cross’s intricate spiral chain, intended to be worn around the neck, adds a personal element to its history.
Conservation Efforts
Conservators utilized a specially crafted porcupine quill to gently remove dirt without harming the precious metalwork. This careful technique ensured the preservation of the cross’s intricate details and historical importance. Dr. Leslie Webster, former keeper of Britain, Prehistory and Europe at the British Museum, commended the cross as a rare and invaluable example of high-status Anglo-Saxon ecclesiastical metalwork. Its preservation is particularly remarkable given the widespread loss of such artifacts during Viking raids, underscoring its significance as a unique survivor from this turbulent era.
In Conclusion
The Anglo-Saxon cross from the Galloway Hoard provides a profound insight into a past filled with grandeur and artistic brilliance. While the reason for its burial remains unknown, the cross continues to raise questions and inspire further research. Those interested in delving deeper into this magnificent artifact can visit the exhibition “Galloway Hoard: Viking-age Treasure” at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh from February 19 to May 9 before it tours to Kirkcudbright, Dundee, and Aberdeen.
The restoration of this thousand-year-old cross not only celebrates its creator’s skill and artistry but also illuminates the historical and cultural dynamics of the Viking Age, solidifying its status as an artifact of unparalleled significance.
