The Roman Cisternone, located beneath the streets of Albano Laziale near Rome, stands as a testament to Roman engineering ingenuity and foresight. Constructed between the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD under Emperor Septimius Severus, this immense underground cistern supplied water to the Second Parthian Legion. Its enduring functionality and design reflect the Roman Empire’s approach to long-lasting, practical infrastructure.
Impressive Design and Structure
With a capacity of 10,000 cubic meters (approximately 2.64 million gallons), the Roman Cisternone is one of the largest and best-preserved cisterns of ancient times. Its unique quadrilateral shape, measuring 30 by 50 meters (98 by 164 feet), divides into five spacious aisles supported by 36 massive pillars that reinforce the structure. The walls are coated with a waterproof plaster, which has helped prevent water loss and preserve the cistern’s integrity. The combination of rock excavation and sturdy brick masonry has allowed it to resist geological stresses, demonstrating the Romans’ understanding of resilient construction techniques.
Historical Context and Functionality
The cistern was strategically located near Lake Albano to meet both military and civilian water demands, reinforcing Rome’s control over the region and the needs of its people. As part of the Severan dynasty’s infrastructure projects, this massive reservoir was essential not only for the military encampment of the Second Parthian Legion but also for providing water to nearby settlements. The Romans’ use of advanced hydraulic engineering ensured a stable water supply, underscoring their attention to sustainable urban and military infrastructure.
Enduring Legacy and Modern Impact
One of the most remarkable aspects of the Roman Cisternone is its enduring functionality. Even after nearly two millennia, the water channels built by Roman engineers continue to supply water to the cistern from Lake Albano. This continuous use highlights the Roman talent for engineering, withstanding both time and environmental changes.
